Method and apparatus for producing concrete structures



Aug. 18, 1925. 1,549,811

H. scHlssEl.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed Aug. l5, 1921 5 She 11".s-Sheei'I E H1120 5cl-115521 H. SCHISSEL Aug. 18, 192s.

Filed Aug.

15, 1921 5 sheets-sheet s A H lsgn 513111155131. l @M y l @1m/mmf Aug. 18, 1925.

H. SCHISSEL STRUCTURES METHOD AND .APPARATUS FOR PRODUClNG CONCRETE Filed Augh l5 1921 5 Sheets-Sheen ,1

i.. E a a ..m n m Q Aug.1s,l1925. 1,549,811

H. SCHISSEL' v V METHOD lAND APPARTUS FIOR PRODUGING- CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed A ug. 15I 1921 5 sheets--sheetI 5 :Jamendo-v H ggm cshieise. y

Patented Aug. 18, l925.

UNITED STATES` I-IUGO SCHISSEL, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

METHOD ANI) APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

Application filed August 15, 1921.

To all 107mm t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HUGO SoHIssEL, a citi- Zen of the United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods and Apparatus for ProducingConcrete Structures, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to concrete construction, such as the building of houses, bridges and the like, and the primary obj ect of the invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for facilitating the building of concrete walls, floors and the like, by which the use of the ordinary wooden forms or moulds is dispensed with, thereby resulting in a material saving of time and labor incident to the building of and the knocking down of the wooden forms and the saving of the cost of such forms.

Another object of the invention is to pr vide an improved means for building concrete walls, floors and the like, embodying a supporting knock down structure, which can be readily used again and again, and removable bridging plates carried by the supporting structure for receiving the concrete when the same is poured, the device also including novelly arranged pre-cast concrete slabs, which are adapted to be associated with the bridging plates to bridge the gaps therebetween, and to strengthen the concrete structure being formed, said precast slabs being adapted to be formed integral with the concrete structure after the structure is set and to form means for spacing the braces or other reinforcing steel and holding' the same above the bridging plates in order to permit the reinforcing steel to be wholly embedded within the concrete structure.

A further object of the invention is the provision of novel metallic bridging plates for use with the supporting structure, and a novel means for supporting the plates, whereby the plates can be readily removed without necessitating the removal of the. entire supporting structure, so as to permit the plates to be readily used again, while the concrete construction just moulded is drying out.'

A further object of the invention is the provision of the novel precast slabs for overlying the margins of the metallic bridging plates and the supporting structure, said Serial No. 492,294.

slabs also forming means for permitting the ready attachment of electric outlet plugs in position.

A further object of the invention is the provision Vof novel precast concrete pillar constructions for association with the plates and supporting structure, and a novel means for truing the precast pillar constructions in position, said pillar constructions permitting concrete pillars or columns to be readily formed at the same time the floor or other structure is being formed.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a novel means for holding the caps of the precast' pillar constructions in place, while the pillars or columns are being made.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of a novel supporting structure for holding the bridging or mouldingV plates in position during the forming of walls, and novel members for holding the bridging or moulding plates in spaced relation so that a wall of uniform thickness can be readily made, said spacing members being of concrete or cement, precast and adapted to remain in a wall aftery the same has been formed, said members also having wedges associated therewith for permitting the bridging or moulding plates to be brought into firm contact with said spacing members.

W ith these and other objects in View, the invention consists in the novel construction, arrangement and formation of parts, as will be hereinafter more specifically described, claimed and illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which drawings:

Figure l is a plan View of the apparatus in position for moulding a Hoor or the like, illustrating the novel means for associating the precast pillar forms therewith.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section 'through the apparatus for forming concrete floors and pillars taken on the .line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken at right angles to Figure 2 illustrating the means of forming concrete floors and pillars taken on the line 3-8 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view illustrating the means of associating the precast pillar forms, and the precast pillar cap plates with the other parts of the apparatus.

Figure 5 is an enlarged Jfragmentary vertical section, taken on the line 5-5 ot F igure 4l.

Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section, taken at right angles toy Figure 5 on the line 6 6 ot Figure Figure 7 is a. detail tragmentary plan View ot a portion ot the apparatus utilised for forming low or foundation walls and partition walls.

Figure 8 is a vertical section through the means ot forming foundation walls, taken on the line 8-8 oiC Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a Jfragmentary side elevation of the apparatus for' forming story walls and the like.

Figure 10 is a detail sectional view ot a portion ci the apparatus used tor wall construction, showing the use et the precast concrete spacers taken on the line 10-10 ot Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a vertical transverse sectionv through the same taken on the line 11-11 of Figure 9 showing a part ot the concrete l wall already formed.

Figure 12 is a tragmentarv vertical section through the apparatus, taken on the line 12-12 of Figure 10, illustrating the use of the precast spacers.

Figure 13 is a -fragmentary plan view o a portion of the apparatus used tor story wall construction.

Figure 14 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view tl'irough a portion or the apparatus used for building` tlcors and the like, and illustrating another form of precast pillar mould for use therewith.

Figure 15 is a diametric section through the pillar form taken on the line 15-15 ot Figure 14.

Figure 16 is` an enlarged detail fragmentary side elevation of a portion ot the moulding member for use in connection with the portions of the precast pillar moulds or forms.

Referring to the drawings in detailE wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views7 the letter A. indicates the apparatus used for `floor construction and the like, which as shown includes the under supporting structure B, the mold plates C, the precast bridging slabs D, the precast pillar forms E, and the precast pillar form caps F.

The supporting understructure B will be manufactured in standard units or pieces and of various sizes to t the given conditions 'for any building, and as shown includes the supporting posts or standards 20. These posts or standards are ot course, formed ot wood and the like, and support the longitudinally7 extending stringers 21., which are also -formed of wood. The str: p ers 21 are held in place on the upper ends of the posts or standards 20 by means o suitable cleats 227 which are secured to opposite sides ot' the posts, as clearly shown in Figures 2 and 3 ot the drawings. The lower ends of the posts` 2O can be supported by suitable bases 2st, which may consist olf pairs ot wedge plates 25, whereby the height of the posts 2() can be regulated within certain limits to suit varying conditions. The posts 20 can be further braced7 in order to prevent accidental slipping thereol by means ot' longitudinally and transversely extending bracing' strips 26 and 2i. he st-ringos 21 are provided at certain spaced points with openings tor the reception ot removable pins or rods 27, which are adapted to project equi-distantly beyond the opposite side faces of the stringers and serve as means for detachably supporting the substringers 2S, which can be made in any desired length. lt is to be noted at this point: that the substringers 2S end below 'the upper ends of the main stringers 21 and form supports tor holding the bridge or mould plates C, which will now be described.

'llhe mould plates C can be made in various standard sizes and are pre't'erably formed of metal, and each includes a trame 2S) formed ot channel ironj which supports an outer wall 30 that can be spot welded thereto it so desired. rllhese outer walls are braced at predetermined spaced points by strap iron or the like 31, which extend across the plates. As stated, the mould plates C are adapted to be positioned on the substringers 28 and may terminate substantially flush with the upper surface ot the main stringere 21 and are arranged on opposite sides ot' the stringers in close relation to each other, as clearly shown in Figure 1 of the drawings.

Tie precast slabs D also can be formed in various standard sizes and are adapted to be placed over and to rest upon the upper surtace ot the main st-ringers 21 and the side edges o'l the mould plates C as clearly shown in Figures 1 and 3 of the drawings. lt is desirable, that these precast slabs D have substantially semi-circular indentations 32 formed in their terminals. rllhese indeiitations 32 form circular openings when the slabs are placed end to end, which are ot' a sullicient diameter to receive a standard s` of electric outlet box. li the outlet box are not placed in position at the time ol' moulding, the precast slabs D can be held against lateral movement by table tinishing nails, (not shown) which can be diven inte the main stringers into tiictional engagement with the edges et the semi-circular recesses 32.

The use ot' the precast pillar forms and the arecast pillar cap plates F torni an important part ot the invention, and these precast pillar forms may be of different terms.

A:torms in position.

as shown in Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings and in Figures 14 to 16 ot the drawings. rllhese precast pillar forms E as shown in Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings include a. concrete or cement shell 35, and a flared hollow cap` portion 36. The shaft and the cap 36 are of suilicient thickness to withstand internal pressure caused by intlowing concrete. The outer edge of the flared cup 36 may be rabbeted as at 37, tor the recel tion oi the inner edges ot the cap precast plates F, which will be hereinafter mor fully described. rlhe column or pillar forms shown in Figures 14 to 16 inclusive and designated by the letter G have been found to be the `most desirable in actual practice, as when the entire shaft 35 is precast the same is liable to become broken or injured during the transmission or while the same was being set in position. 1n view ot this the precast column or pillar form G inw cludes the top sections 38 having the hollow relatively short shaft portion 39 and the flared cap 40 and a base section 41. rlhis base section is of hollow formation and is adapted to be aligned with the upper sec tion 38. These two sections 38 and 41 are connected by a metallic mould member 42. rllhis mould member 42 can be made oi two ,or more sections according to the size column or pillar being formed. ris shown the metallic mould member 42 includes a pair of semi-circular portions 43, the meeting edges ot which carry angle brace strips 44. These .angle brace strips 44 are provided with aligned inwardly extending notches 45, which are adapted to receive connecting bolts 46. The connecting bolts 46 have. threaded on the same nuts 4f?. 1t desirable wedge members 48 can be driven in between the nuts 47 and the angle strips 44, in order to assure bringing the sections 43 into intimate engagement with one another.

The upper section 38 can be first placed in position vand hung from, a removable beam 49, which can be placed either over the mould plates C` or over the stringere 21. The supporting beam section 49 has twisted around the same depending wires 50, the lower portions ot which are connected to pins 51, secured to the relatively short shaft section 39 of the upper portion 38. This provides a convenient means for holding the upper sections 38 of the column or pillar lNhen the upper and lower portions 38 and 41 are placed in position, the metallic mould section 42 is placed around the same and concrete is then poured into the mould up to the dared portion of the upper section 38, after which the supporting beam 49 is removed. r1"he wires 50 can be broken or twisted oliE it so desired. r1`his will hold the upper section 38 in position, until the other parts of the structure have been poured.

1t has been found that the column or pillar terms cannot be sometimes placed in the enact position, and in order to align the forms the means l-i has been provided. rllhis means ll for aligning the pillar or column forms may consist of wedge members 52, which can be placed intermediate the mould platesl C and the column cap or head 36 or 40, as the case may be and between the stringers 21 and the cap or head. 1f so desired, spacing plates 53 can be placed between the wedges and the mould plates C or the stringers 21. By this construction, it can be seen that it is merely necessary to tap the wedges 52 in order to properly align the pillar or column forms.

The. method pursued in making an ordinary slab licor and supporting columns will be to place the posts 2Ok and the stringere 21 in position as heretobefore described, and then arrange the precast columns or pillar .terms at the desired points and in the desire-d formation. The substringers 28 will then be placed in position and the bridge plate C laid on the same. r1`he meeting edges of the mould plates C: will be bridgec by means of the precast slabs D which will also cover the stringere 21. rEhe column or pillar forms can then be aligned by means ot wedges 52 as described, and the pillar cap plate F placed in position, which will now be described. These pillar cap plates F are also termed of cement or the like, and consist ot sections 54, which have their inner edges shaped to contorni to the contiguration or the column caps with which they are to be associated. rFliese inner edges rest upon the rabbeted portions 37 oit the column caps 36 and upon the upper suriiace of the mold plates C. The bridge plates l) can then be placed in abutting relation with the plate F whenever these plates may come together. lf desirable, upstanding pins 55 can be embedded in the plates F at the time or their casting so that uniting wires can be vtwined around the same in order to hold the plates in position against movement. After the apparatus has been set up as described, the concrete is poured thereon in the usual manner, anc it will be seen that the same will flow into the precast pillar or column `forms it and over the mould plates C and the precast slabs D and the precast cap plates F. i-r'fter the concrete has been poured, the same is left to set for a predetermined length of time, after which the stringere 28 are removed and the plates C talren down. rEhe other parts of the supporting structure B, namely the posts 2O and the main stringere 21 are lett in position until the concrete structure has thoroughly dried. it can be seen that the plates C and substringers 28 and the supporting rods 2T can be used while this concrete structure is drying out. lt is to be noted that the precast slabs D and the plates F form an integral part ot the concrete structure after the same has been termed, and these slabs torni a convenient means for spacin i e reinforcing .members from the mould Dlates C, so that the concrete can tien: ci., around the saine7 thereby i Y the thorough lireproofing` ot the ln the building ot lou' or foundation Walls or partition Wall l the necessity et' a supporting` structure is superfluous, and the plates are merely placed upon one another. This clearly hoivn in Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings. For clearness the mould plates in llligures 7 ai 8 have been designated by the numeral GO. is stated, 'the plates GG are placed one upon the other and held in spaced relation by means ot precast concrete spac members 6l. These precast spacers el have cast therein relatively 'thin metallic strips 82 which project outwardly from the precast spacers Gl. rllhese strips 62 are adapted t be positioned between the mould plates C, and owing t the l :o "clative thinness thereof, the same will not space the plates a su'liicient C'stance to per lit the escaping oit concrete therebetween. lFliese metallic strips are provided with openin the reception ot wedges Gil, and it ca. ,3e seen that it is merely necessary to drive the Wedges into position in the metallic strip 62 in order to force the mould plates tl into intimate engagement With the cenent spacers 6l, in order to insure of a Wall ot uniform thickness being` l'ormed. ln the making; of corners, a precast cement angle 6l can be utilized and this corner casting is held against displacement by means ofi" tiro o't the precast spacers 6l which are placed at the tern'iinals thereof. After the plates G0 have been placed in position? the concrete is then poured between the saine, amL after the same has the plates can be readily removed.

ln the building' of story Walls,y practically the same apparatus is used as that for the building: et slab floors, and the mould plates are held in place in the same manner.

f shown, outside upright stringers 65 are provided and inside upright string-ers G6. rlhe inside stri .gers GG rest upon the upper surface the termed slab floor, which is designated by the numeral 67. rllhe inside vertical stringers (36 extend above the upper surface ot the outside stringers G5, and these st (fers are connected together in spaced relation by means of relatively short supporting braces 68., which torni supports for the longitudinally extending bracing beams G9. rl`he lower ends et the outside stringere 65 have connected thereto a longitudinally extending` bracing beam 70, which is adapted to rest upon relatively short supporting' beams 7l, which are secured to the stringers 65. This apparatus is so constructed as to eliminate the use of the usual heavy compression members and me ely necessitates the use ot' light tension members7 acting` against each other. A lower horizontal tension member 72 is connected to the longitudinally extending beam 7 (l and to a stationary part ot the building, such as one o'll the columns designated by the numeral 7E 'which has been previously i''orined. s shown a collar 74 is utilized tor connectino,v the rod 72 with the column. An upper diagonal tension rod is provided, and its llower end is anchored as at to the slab door 67 at a convenient point, and upper end is connected to the longitudinally exteinling upper beam. G9. rThe tension members 72 and 7 5 have interposed Il Hl* tiierein turn buckles if, so that the active length thercoi can be adjusted tor a pur pose, which Will be hereinafter more fully described. rlhe inside stringers secure the structure vertically and the rods 72 and 75 by pulling the outside stringers 65 against the slab 67 already cast support the apparat-us horizontally. The apparatus is olumbed by simply loosening the rods 75 and i htcning the rods 72 or vice versa. Bridge plates 8O are used in this construction and these bridge plates are exactly the same as the bridge plates utilized in the floor construction. The plates are placed one upon the ether and are held against accider-tal displacement by means ot removable iolts or rods 8l, Which are the saine as the rods 27 utilized in the apparatus for torming@w the slab floor, The mould plates 80 are held against collapsing and in a preferred spaced relation by means of precast spacers 82, which are the same the precast spacers Gl used in the low .vall construction. These present space-r plates 82 also carry their plates 83, which are adapted to receive the wedge members Sil for bringing the mould plates 80 into firm eng-agement with the precast spacer plates S2. litter the mould plates 8() havebeen placed in position the concrete is then poured between the same the ordinary manner, .litter the Wall has been formed, the .second slab door can be erected.

ln the toi-ming' ot story Walls, precast cement corner members Gl are utilized the same as is shown in Figure 7 ot the drawin ln the forming or Windows and the lile, precast channel sections 85 can bc used and held in place by cement spacers S2 as clearly shown in Figure l0 of the drawings. rlhe cement spacer blocks 82 pertorm the dual function ot a tie and a spacer for insuring' the proper thickness ot the Wall. .fl tter the remove-.l ot the plates 80, the flat eel bars S3 can be readily twisted ofi or left in place on the outside of the building to be used an anchor for a brick Veneer construction. l't is to be also noted that precast cement lOO slabs 86. the saine the slabs D as used in the floor construction, are placed over -the series of plates S0 as clearly shown in Figures l0 and l2 of the drawings.

From the foregoing description, it can be seen that an exceptionally simple method and apparatus has been provided, for forining concrete structures, without necessitating the use of the heavy and cumbersome wooden moulds as now used, and which merely vembodies light supporting understructures which can be readily reused and reusable mould plates and precast cement members which are left in position to form an integral part of the concrete structure after the same has set.

ll claim:

l. The method of forming cementitious building structures consisting of building a removable supporting stage, placing removable mould plates on the stage, placing precast cementitious slabs upon the plates to bridge the gaps tllerebetween, placing hollow cementitious precast pillar forms between certain of the plates, placing sectionalV pillar cap precast plates upon the edges of the pillars and adjacent mould plates and then pouring concrete in the pillar forms and on the resultant structure.

2. The method of forming cementitious building structures consisting of building a removable supporting staging including spaced stringers removably supporting` mould plates by and between the stringers and below the lower surface thereof, placing 'relatively thin precast cementitious slabs upon the stringers and over the adjacent edges of the mould plates to bridge the spaces therebetween, placing precast hollow pillar forms between certain of the mould plates, placing precast relatively thin cementitious pillar cap plates over the upper edges of the precast pillar forms and the adjacent mould plates, pouring concrete in the pillar forms and over the mould plates and precast cap plates and slabs, and allo-wing the concrete structure to set a predetermined length of time, then removing the mould plates for allowing the concrete structure to thoroughly dry, and then removing the supporting casing.

3. An apparatus for forming cementitious building structures comprising a movable supporting staging including spaced stringers, substringers detachably carried by the opposite sides of the first mentioned stringers and disposed below the upper surface thereof, metallic mould plates disposed upon the substringers arranged substantially flush with the upper surface of the first stringers, and precast slabs supported by the precast mould plates and arranged above the first mentioned stringere.

4. An apparatus for moulding cementitious building 'structures comprising a removable supporting staging including spaced main stringers, removable pins carried by the main stringers, removable substringers positioned upon the pins, metallic mould plates placed upon the substringers, precast cementitious slabs disposed upon the main stringere and over the adjacent edges of the metallic mould plate, said precast cementitious slabs being adapted to form an integral part of the cementitious structure as the same is moulded.

5. An apparatus for forming cementitious building structures comprising a removable supporting staging including main stringers, substringers detachably supported by the main stringers, major mould removable plates laid upon the substringers, and removable precast minor mould members disposed above the stringers and over the adj acent edges of the major removable mould plates to bridge the spaces therebetween.

6. An apparatus for building cementitious structures comprising a removable supporting staging including spaced main stringere, substringers detachably supported by the side faces of the main stringers and arranged below tlie upper faces thereof, major removable mould sections disposed upon the substringers, the upper faces of the major metallic mould sections being substantially flush with the main stringers, and precast elongated substantially rectangularly shaped cementitious minor mould plates arranged over the main stringers and disposed upon the adjacent edges of the major removable mould sections to bridgethe spaces therebetween, to prevent the escape of cementitious material over the supporting staging.

7. in apparatus for forming cementitious building structures comprising a supporting staging, major metallic removable mould sections supported by the staging, precast hollow cementitious pillar formsv disposed between certain of the major metallic mould sections, and precast cementitious pillar cap plates disposed upon the adjacent edges of the precast cementitious pillar forms and the major mould plates.

8. An apparatus for forming cementitious building structures comprising a removable supporting staging, major metallic mould members detachably supported by the staging, precast cementitious minor mould plates placed upon the major mould plates to bridge the spaces therebetween, precast cementitious pillar forms disposed between certain of the plates, wedge members disposed between the pillar forms and the plates to facilitate aligning of the pillar forms in relation to the plates, and precast cementitious pillar cap Slabs disposed over the adjacent edges of the pillar forms and the major mould sections.

9. ein apparatus for forming cementitious building structures comprising a supporting staging including supporting posts, stringers carried by the supporting posts, means for bracing the supporting posts, the stringers having formed therein intermediate their upper and lower faces a plurality of openings, supporting pins detachably titted in the openings, substringers disposed upon the pins, and major mould plates disposed upon the substringers and having their upper faces arranged substantially Hush with the upper surfaces of the main stringers.

10. An apparatus Yfor moulding cementitious building` structures comprising a removable supporting stage including spaced parallel main stringers, removable pins carried by the stringere and arranged to eittend beyond the opposite side faces thereof, substringers detaehably litted upon said pins, spaced metallic mould plates detachably litted upon the substringers having their upper faces disposed substantially tlush with the upper edges of the main stringere, minor precast mould plates arranged over the stringers and the adjacent edges of the mould plates, precast cementitious hollow pillar forms disposed between certain of the major mould plates, wedge members disposed between the hollow pillar form and certain ot the main stringere and certain ot the major mould plates tor aligning the pillar forms and precast pillar cap plates disposed upon the upper edges ot the pillar forms and upon the adjacent major mould plates.

1l. In an apparatus tor moulding cementitious building structures, a precast cementitious hollow pillar form including a hollow flared cap and a hollow cylindrical body.

l2. A device for forming cementitious pillars comprising an upper section including a hollow cementitious precast body, a lower section including a hollow precast cementitious body and a removable metallic mould section disposed between and engaging the upper and lower sections.

13. A device for forming cementitious pillars comprising an upper section including a hollow flared eementitious cap and a cylindrical hollow cementitious body, a lower section ii'icluding a hollow cylindrcial body, and a metallic intermediate mould section including a plurality of arcuate plates arranged to engage about the upper' and lower sections, and means for connecting the metallic mould sections together.

14. A. device :tor forming cementitious pillars comprising an upper section including a hollow/flared cementitious cap and a cylindrical hollow cementitious body, a lower section including a hollow cylindrical body, and a metallic intermediate mould section including a plurality of arcuate plates arranged to engage about the upper and lower sections, means r'or connecting the metallic mould sections together, said means including nuts and bolts detachably carried by the mould sections and wedge members arranged to engage the mould sections and the nuts.

l5. The method ot forming cementitious pillars consisting otl hanging a hollow cementitious head in' position, aligning a hollow cementitious base with the head, placing a removable mould section about the head and base, pouring concrete intothe base, mould section and a portion ot'l the head, removing the supporting means for the head and then pouring concrete in the other portion of the head.

HUGO SGHISSEL 

